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Do You Need to Drink Eight Glasses of Water a Day? It’s Complicated : ScienceAlert
It’s unclear exactly where the myth that humans need to drink eight glasses of water a day came from – but we’ve probably all heard it at some point in our lives.
The evidence for this claim has been debunked in large part. Past studies relied on people recalling how much water they drank, which had low precision.
To provide a more accurate estimate of how much water we actually need, a new study recruited over 5,600 people of all ages from 26 countries around the world.
Researchers gave participants 100 milliliters of water enriched with 5 percent ‘doubly labeled water’.
Doubly labeled water is often used for metabolism experiments as it provides a way to track how rapidly chemicals are moving through the body.
This type of water contains unusual isotopes of hydrogen called deuterium. They have an extra neutron in their nucleus, making individual atoms twice as heavy as a normal hydrogen atom which has just one proton and no neutrons.
The resulting heavy water, which is 10 percent heavier than normal water, is safe to drink in small amounts.
To make it doubly labeled, this heavy water is also mixed with water containing an isotope of oxygen, Oxygen-18, which has 8 protons and 10 neutrons in each atom (instead of the normal 8 of each). This is a stable, naturally occurring type of oxygen that makes up 0.2 percent of the air we breathe.
“If you measure the rate a person is eliminating those stable isotopes through their urine over the course of a week, the hydrogen isotope can tell you how much water they’re replacing, and the elimination of the oxygen isotope can tell us how many calories they are burning,” says Dale Schoeller, a nutritional scientist who co-authored the study.
The University of Wisconsin–Madison lab, where Schoeller works, first pioneered the doubly labeled water experiment in humans in the 1980s.
In their recent study, published in Sciencethe team shows that daily water intake varies greatly with age, gender, activity levels, and climate.
“The current study clearly indicates that one size does not fit all guidelines for drinking water, and the common suggestion that we should drink eight 8-ounce glasses of water per day (~2 liters) is not backed up by objective evidence,” the researchers write.
Water turnover is greatest in men aged 20-30 and in women aged 20-55 and decreases after the age of 40 in men and after the age of 65 in women.
Newborns have the highest turnover of water as a percentage of all the water in their bodies – replacing around 28 percent every day.
Under similar conditions, men consume about half a liter more water every day than women.
For example, a 20-year-old man who is not athletic, weighs 70 kg, and lives in a developed country at sea level with 50 percent humidity and a mean air temperature of 10°C will have a water turnover of around 3.2 liters per day.
A nonathletic woman of the same age living in the same location will have a water turnover of around 2.7 liters per day.
Using twice as much energy in a day increases the daily water turnover by about a liter.
For every additional 50 kilograms of body weight, water turnover increases by 0.7 liters a day.
A 50 percent jump in humidity pushes water use up by 0.3 liters.
Some people in the study had extremely high water turnover: 13 women who got through over 7 liters per day, they were either athletes, pregnant women, or experiencing warm weather, and nine men who consumed over 10 liters a day.
Once again these were very active people, athletes, or Amazonian Ecuador foragers.
“The variation means pointing to one average doesn’t tell you much,” says Schoeller.
Water turnover increased for pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy and during breastfeeding.
People living a sedentary lifestyle in temperature-controlled indoor environments in developed countries had lower water turnover than people working as manual laborers or hunter-gatherers in developing countries.
“Improved guidelines are of increasing importance because of the explosive population growth and climate change the world currently faces, which will affect the availability of water for human consumption,” the researchers wrote.
This paper was published in Science.
National food site voted this as New Jersey’s classic sandwich
Delish.com a recipe, party planning and entertainment website, came out with a list of the favorite sandwiches to order in each state.
The sandwich named is a part of each state’s lore and makeup and part of the culinary experience of the states listed. When in each state, you should order what the state is known for.
I agree with that. When I’m in Maine I order a lobster roll at every restaurant doing a taste test to find the ultimate roll. I also taste the New England clam chowder. Coincidentally, the lobster roll was the classic sandwich to order in Maine.
To the south, for our friends in Delaware the classic sandwich to order is the Thanksgiving sub that was first introduced 40 years ago at Capriotti’s Sandwich Shop and it’s a favorite of President Biden.
In New York, pastrami on rye bread is the classic sandwich to order. I’ve done the pastrami taste test in New York and there are delis who just know how to make pastrami right and the end result is an enjoyable sandwich.
In Pennsylvania, Delish of course says that it’s the Philly cheese steak. There will always be a debate among all who enjoy a great cheese steak whether it’s Geno’s or Pat’s in Philadelphia that has the best cheese steak. I’ve had both and I have to tell you I like both places and their cheese steak offerings. I’m going to get bad feedback on that noncommittal choice but so it goes.
In Maryland you’ll enjoy a crab cake sandwich, in Alaska it’s a reindeer sausage sandwich (no thanks), in Connecticut it’s a fried clam sandwich. Florida has the Cubano, in Kansas it’s a burnt end sandwich, and Louisiana, of course, is serving up the shrimp poboy sandwich.
Here in New Jersey, Delish says it’s the Italian sub that is the classic sandwich to order while visiting the Garden State. They singled out Cosmo’s in Hackensack as a great place to get an Italian sub.
One of the reasons they picked the Italian sub is because of the vast Italian heritage and population here in New Jersey. I can certainly understand that but the people from delish aren’t from New Jersey. I would have selected pork roll, egg and cheese on a hard roll — I know, I know, some of you say that it’s Taylor ham not pork roll. Whatever you call it, you know what I mean, it’s the food assigned to New Jerseyans to send to them wherever they are in the world.
Enjoy a classic sandwich and while traveling check out the local fare, most of the time you’ll be pleasantly surprised. Happy eating!
Here is the Delish link,
The post above reflects the thoughts and observations of New Jersey 101.5 weekend host Big Joe Henry. Any opinions expressed are Big Joe’s own.
NJ Diners that are open 24/7
America’s 50 Most Popular Chain Restaurants
YouGov identified the most popular dining brands in the country, and Stacker compiled a list to give readers context on the findings. Read on to look through America’s vast and diverging variety of restaurants—maybe you’ll even find a favorite or two.
These are the 5 oldest restaurants in the Marshfield area
MARSHFIELD – Many restaurants in the area have been around for a long time, providing good times, great food and beloved places to gather.
These restaurants have been serving customers for decades. They have long, rich (and delicious) histories. Here are the five oldest restaurants in the Marshfield area that are still operating.
1973: Buck-A-Neer Super Club
The Buck-A-Neer Supper Club, 122923 Marathon County C, is a popular restaurant in Rozellville that has been serving customers for nearly 50 years. The building itself was originally a blacksmith and buggy shop in the early 1900s. It wasn’t until 1932 that it became an eatery.
The Buck-A-Neer was first opened by Tom and Ann Seubert and Tom’s parents, Dick and Celine, on March 1, 1973. Around 2000, Dick and Celine retired and Tom’s brother, Roy, and his wife, Jeannie, became part owners . After decades of serving customers, the family announced that the restaurant would close in 2016.
It was announced shortly after that the restaurant had been sold to Dave and Judy Jasurda, their daughter, Elizabeth, her fiancé at the time, and Rob and Rita Blinker, said current co-owner Scott Kleinschmidt.
The restaurant is currently owned by Kleinschmidt, Rob Posteluk and Ariel Gorst.
The restaurant suffered significant damage after a fire in August 2020, which forced them to close while they did repairs. It reopened in December 2020.
It’s remained a local hot spot that people still flock to for fish fries, birthdays, anniversaries or just the traditional Wisconsin supper club experience.
1974: Melody Gardens
Part restaurant and part skating rink, Melody Gardens, 1200 S. Oak Ave. in Marshfield, has been a spot for good food and fun for 48 years.
Alvin and Gladys Brock opened the roller rink in 1974, according to the website. They added the ice cream parlor in 1980 and served a basic menu. In 1990, they turned the parlor into a full-scale restaurant. By 1996, they were making their own ice cream. They offer a variety of different flavors today.
The business has changed ownership several times over the years, but has stayed in the family. The Brocks sold Melody Gardens to their daughter, Deb, and her husband, Dan Dietel, in 1993. It was sold again in 2012 to the Brock’s other daughter, Margie, and her husband, Dennis Schmidt, according to the website.
The local favorite offers breakfast, lunch and dinner. And, of course, ice cream is also on the menu, so you can round out the perfect rolling rink experience.
1982: Nutz Deep II
Nutz Deep II, 809 S. Central Ave., has become one of Marshfield’s most popular restaurants over the last few decades.
Dewey Schutz opened the restaurant in Marshfield in 1982 and a second location in Spencer at 103 E. Clark St. in 2007. He decided to name the restaurant Nutz Deep II after an employee named Ray suggested he name the restaurant after one he had owned in Sturgeon Bay, according to the website.
“Dewey thought this was the most insane thing he had ever heard, but Ray was convinced he had the name fit,” says a post on the restaurant’s website. “He said that the bar could be the place where people could go and get a little nuts.”
The restaurant has racked up many local awards over the years, including small business of the year, best burger, best fish fry, best bartender, best cheese curds and more.
1984: Belvedere Super Club
Another Marshfield-area classic is the Belvedere Supper Club, M329 State 97. The restaurant has been open for nearly four decades, offering a large menu with hearty Wisconsin classics.
Dale and Patricia Leffel moved to Marshfield in 1977 and opened the supper club in 1984, according to the website. They had a passion for great food and service and decided to open a restaurant. They found a property on the north side of the city that they knew would be perfect, according to the website.
“Their dream at that time was just an open field,” the website says. “Thus the name Belvedere, or ‘open view,’ was born.”
The Belvedere not only offers a restaurant, it also has a wedding chapel and reception area on the grounds and will provide catering for the celebration. People can also enjoy live music at the super club.
1987: Scotty’s Pizza & Chicken
Scotty’s Pizza, 100 S. Chestnut Ave., has been a staple in Marshfield for 35 years.
Scott Berg opened the restaurant in 1987 at the age of 24. He told the Marshfield News-Herald in 2019 that he knew he wanted to open a restaurant when he was in ninth grade. He said he had originally planned to move away from Marshfield, his hometown, after high school, but he ended up staying. He bought what was then Booker’s Pizza and opened Scotty’s.
Scotty’s has