Eating off certain colored plates improves the taste of food for picky eaters

Researchers at the University of Portsmouth have found picky eaters perceive food eaten out of red bowls to be saltier and less desirable than the same food served in white bowls. The findings add to understandings of how taste perception can be influenced by plates and cutlery.

We all may know someone we consider to be a picky eater, prone to disliking some common ingredients and causing social havoc when ordering at restaurants. But for some people picky eating can actually become a serious disorder, and clinical definitions of picky eating behaviors often include people who only consume around 20 different kinds of foods.

“Having restricted diets can lead to nutritional deficiencies as well as health problems such as heart disease, poor bone health and dental issues,” explained Lorenzo Stafford, one of the authors on the latest study. “There is also a social cost because normally enjoyable moments between family members can easily turn into stressful, anxious, and conflict-causing situations when picky eaters feel ashamed or pressured to eat food.”

A 2018 study estimated nearly one in five American adults could be clinically categorized as picky eaters. So exploring ways to help these people better engage with more types of food could result in valuable health outcomes.

The new research homed in on the effect of plate color on food desirability for picky eaters. The experiment was based on a foundational study from 2011 which looked at the way different colored food bowls affected a person’s perception of taste.

Using a design similar to the 2011 research, the new experiments had participants rate the sweetness, saltiness and overall desirability of a snack food eaten from different-colored bowls. In this example the snack was salt and vinegar potato crisps consumed from either a red, blue or white bowl. Around 50 participants were recruited, classified as either picky or non-picky eaters based on a standard questionnaire.

The results revealed picky eaters perceived the snack to be saltier when it was eaten from a red or blue bowl compared to the white bowl. And overall, picky eaters found the snack generally less desirable when eaten from a red bowl.

Interestingly, the study found the effects of bowl color on food taste and desirability were only apparent in the picky eater group. The non-picky eaters were relatively uninfluenced by bowl color.

This finding suggests the influence of plate colors on food taste may be most relevant for picky eaters. This result does track with other studies suggesting the influence of plate shape and color on food is, “anything but straightforward.”

A 2013 study that looked at black or white and square or round plates found white round plates tended to enhance “basic judgments” around food, such as sweetness or taste intensity. However, more complex judgments, such as perceptions of quality or liking, could be enhanced by black square plates.

According to Stafford, the findings from this latest study could be useful in helping picky eaters learn to accept a wider variety of foods.

“This knowledge could be useful for those trying to expand their repertoire of foods,” said Stafford. “For example, if you wanted to encourage a picky eater to try more vegetables that are known to be viewed as bitter, you could try to serve them on a plate or bowl that is known to increase sweetness.”

The new study was published in the journal Food Quality and Preference.

Source: University of Portsmouth

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What If Donated Food Was Delightful?

This is one of a pair of stories exploring efforts to make donated food healthier, more delicious and more dignified. You can read the other story here.

Dion Dawson’s day starts around 8 am at the corner of 59th Street and Racine Avenue in Chicago’s Englewood neighborhood. Most days, his six-year-old son Bryson accompanies him, eager to help stock the community fridge labeled with “FREE FOOD” in sky blue letters. Usually, the area’s residents have already gathered around the fridge, which has been spray-painted with happy cows, bright red apples, yellow corn and potatoes, as Dawson puts in oranges, lettuce and strawberries. He hands out bananas and grapes, too.

“Always grapes,” he emphasized. “When I grew up food insecure, I never got to eat fresh grapes, ever. So I make sure we always have fresh grapes. That may not be cost effective, but it makes a difference.”

Dawson sets up the Chicago nonprofit Dion’s Chicago Dream and the community fridge in 2020. He added a free weekly produce home delivery service in 2021. Both address the lack of access to fresh fruit and vegetables endemic to food deserts — areas that lack supermarkets and are typically low-income. They are also inspired by Dawson’s past food insecurity as well as his negative experiences with donation boxes from food banks.

“More than 500,000 Chicago residents live in a food desert,” Dawson says, citing American Community Survey data. “More than half of our residents will be food insecure in our community within this year.”

Englewood community fridge
Neighbors can pick up free produce from the Englewood community fridge anytime. Credit: Amber Marie Green Photography

The Englewood fridge is accessible all day, unmanned, for anyone to take as much fresh produce as they like. “The opportunity to consume fresh fruits and vegetables is not something that I am used to,” said one resident, Terence. “I feel sometimes that I don’t deserve it because no one has cared to offer it to us consistently.”

Dawson spent six years in the Navy and experienced 14 years of homelessness before and after his service. “I grew up with three brothers and a single mom who struggled with addiction,” he says via Zoom from his mother’s house in Englewood. His mother recently survived kidney cancer, and he made her the executive assistant of his nonprofit. “We often went hungry or lived three days on potato chips,” Dawson remembers.

What stuck with him most, though, wasn’t just the hunger but the dehumanization he felt at the food banks. “I’ll never forget that horrible soaking wet day when my family had to wait outside for hours as the rain poured down on us, only to be rewarded with expiring fruits, unlabeled canned goods and a box of raisins.” Maybe worse than the food was the shame he associated with the experience. “Nobody looks you in the eye. Nobody connects with you. You are given a box of discarded food, most of it food you wouldn’t normally eat, and it is such a humiliating experience.”

This is the reason he decided to do everything differently with Dion’s Chicago Dreams. “We focus on the recipient instead of the donor’s experience. We connect with people.”

His project was launched as a spontaneous idea when a friend challenged him in 2020 with: “What are you going to do for Juneteenth?” Dawson responded on a whim, “I’m going to feed 100 families.” He raised $2,500 on GoFundMe, bought 100 pounds of food and fed 96 families. “After that, I said, let’s go for it, and I started Dion’s Chicago Dream.” He taught himself how to set up a nonprofit, and in September 2020, he began stocking the community fridge in Englewood, working out of his car.

“Since its inception, Project Dream Fridge has provided more than 36,000 pounds of fresh food and water,” Dawson says, at a weekly cost of $550. Through the weekly home deliveries, he and his seven employees now deliver to 375 homes per week, feeding 2,000 people in 23 neighborhoods with 15,000 pounds of fresh produce per month. “We move more produce than Walmart,” he quips, at a cost of about $1,000 per family per year. “We have that tangible impact.”

Supported by donations from locals like rapper G Herbo and organizations such as the Obama Foundation, what he delivers is exclusively fresh produce. Bananas, cucumbers, spinach, mango, whatever is in season and available from its wholesale supplier, JAB Produce. “The food is wow!” 65-year-old Alice Lesure says while she is preparing collard greens and cabbage from the most recent delivery for lunch. She has known Dion Dawson for “20-plus years” because her son went to school with Dawson, and she reached out to the nonprofit through her son. “I’m on disability. I eat healthier now and don’t have to worry about buying fresh

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The 20 best easy Christmas baking recipes | Christmas food and drink

Eash. christmas. baking. Three of my favorite words. Three of my favorite things. Twenty perfect recipes. Nigel and Nigella! Maple walnut biscuits from Jeremy Lee. A breakfast loaf from Honey & Co, marmalade popovers from Margaret Costa. Advent treats: flammkuchen from Anja Dunk and Yotam’s Swiss chocolate cookies. There are savouries: cheese and quince shortbread from Olia Hercules, sage and onion twists from Benjamina Ebuehi, stilton scones from Claire Thomson. There’s sweet: chocolate plum pudding and candy cane cookies. Truly, simply delicious. Merry Christmas from OFM.

Chocolate gives this Christmas pudding its intense flavour

Saffron custard and panettone pudding.
Saffron custard and panettone pudding. Photo: Matt Russell

An Italian twist on bread and butter pudding

Marmalade popovers.
Marmalade popovers. Photo: Kate Whitaker/The Observer

A festive treat for breakfast, best eaten piping hot

Flammkuchen.
Flammkuchen. Photo: Anja Dunk

This is a sublimely simple German version of a pizza

Mincemeat rolls.
Mincemeat rolls. Photo: Jonathan Lovekin/The Observer

A filo pastry take on the classic mince pie

Sage and onion twists.
Sage and onion twists. Photo: Kate Whitaker/The Observer

A tasty variation on the traditional breadstick, perfect for a party

Honey bombs recipe by Trine Hahnemann

Honey bombs.
Honey bombs. Photograph: Columbus Leth

A classic Scandinavian treat to eat with hot tea

Cranberry and orange buttermilk loaf.
Cranberry and orange buttermilk loaf. Photo: Kate Whitaker/The Observer

The cranberries make this simple cake into a festive treat

Apple and calvados cake.
Apple and calvados cake. Photo: Kate Whitaker/The Observer

The brandy lifts this bake to a thing of apple wonder

Christmas cheese and quince shortbread.
Christmas cheese and quince shortbread. Photo: Joe Woodhouse

A great little canape to go with a lovely glass of festive fizz

Gingerbread pears.
Gingerbread pears. Photo: David Loftus

Three kinds of ginger go into this festive pudding

Hazelnut chocolate brownies.
Hazelnut chocolate brownies. Photo: Kate Whitaker/The Observer

These brownies get their nuttiness from hazelnuts instead of walnuts

Sticky toffee pudding.
Sticky toffee pudding. Photo: Kate Whitaker/The Observer

Intense and treacly, Christmas comfort food at its best

Maple walnut biscuits.
Maple walnut biscuits. Photo: Kate Whitaker/The Observer

Simple to make and just as good with ice-cream for dessert as with a cup of tea

Brunsli chocolate cookies.
Brunsli chocolate cookies. Photo: Jonathan Lovekin/The Observer

These spicy Swiss treats can be baked a little ahead of the holiday itself

Candy cane chocolate chip cookies.
Candy cane chocolate chip cookies. Photo: Kate Whitaker/The Observer

This biscuit is inspired by American peppermint stick ice cream

Medjool date, honey and macadamia breakfast loaf.
Medjool date, honey and macadamia breakfast loaf. Photo: Patricia Niven

Start the day with this really Christmassy treat

Masala chai pecan bundt.
Masala chai pecan bundt. Photo: Kate Whitaker/The Observer

A welcome spicy addition to a festive tea table

Chocolate, dulce de leche, cantucci.
Chocolate, dulce de leche, cantucci. Photo: Jonathan Lovekin

Little pots of chocolate-caramel deliciousness, perfect for Christmas

Stilton and fig wholemeal scones.
Stilton and fig wholemeal scones. Photo: Kate Whitaker/The Observer

The cheese and fruit give this humble scone a place on any Christmas table

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